Despite popular belief, teens, children, and even babies can have high blood pressure, also called HBP or hypertension. It’s not just a disease for the middle-aged and elderly. As with adults, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce or prevent the harmful consequences of this disease.
High blood pressure in children can lead to heart and kidney disease. There are also diseases which can cause high blood pressure in children as well as adults. As with secondary hypertension, once the problem is resolved, blood pressure usually returns to normal.
When it comes to blood pressure in children, “normal” is relative. It depends on three factors: gender, age, and height. Your child’s doctor can tell you what’s right for your child, because “normal” is a complicated calculation based on these factors.
What leads to HBP in children? There may be many factors. These can include:
- Diseases including heart and kidney disease
- Some medications
- Family history
- Excess weight or obesity
- Race – particularly African-Americans are at increased risk
Visiting your pediatrician to discuss treatment options is vital in controlling HBP. As in adults, HBP in children is typically managed with lifestyle changes, including:
- Enjoying a heart-healthy diet
- Participating in regular physical activity
- Managing weight
The doctor may also prescribe medication if an appropriate diet and regular physical activity don’t bring the high blood pressure under control.
Children and teens should also be taught the dangers of tobacco use and protected from secondhand smoke. While cigarettes aren’t directly related to high blood pressure, they do cause a number of health risks. Parents should set a good example by not smoking and educating their children about the hazards of smoking.
Give your kids the best possible start by helping them develop heart-healthy habits early. Learn more about preventing and managing childhood obesity at heart.org/kids.