(Oriskany, NY – April 1, 2013) “Iron Lady” is the first tomato to resist three major fungal diseases — early blight, late blight and Septoria leaf spot — plaguing New York’s growers for years. For farmers, this new tomato dramatically reduces the need for expensive fungicide.
Favoring the Northeast’s moist, cool conditions, one or more of these diseases will occur yearly, prompting Martha Mutschler-Chu, Cornell professor of plant breeding and genetics, to create tomatoes that resist late blight and early blight.
However, since those plants could still be defoliated by Septoria leaf spot, Mutscher-Chu worked with research associate Stella Zitter and plant pathologist Tom Zitter to create Septoria resistance.
Experimental hybrids using these “triple blight resistant” tomatoes were successfully grown in trials in North Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia and New York, in a project supported by the Northeast Regional Integrated Pest Management Center.
“We have demonstrated that we have tomato hybrids with good medium fruit that will stand up to these diseases,” Mutschler-Chu said. “In order to reduce the need for fungicides, you need to genetically control all three diseases.”
Iron Lady, the cross of a “triple resistant” Cornell line and a late blight/early blight line from North Carolina State University, is the first of these hybrids to become commercially available, via High Mowing Organic Seeds. In addition to the strongest possible resistance to late blight — provided by the combination of two genes, Ph2 and Ph3 — tolerance to early blight and resistance to Septoria leaf spot, the plant also has resistances to verticillium and fusarium wilts, common to most modern tomato varieties.
Early blight tolerance is not as strong as resistance, so the need for fungicides may not be completely eliminated. But Mutschler-Chu teamed up with professor Tom Zitter to identify a complementary fungicide strategy with the lowest possible environmental impact. This led to a potential reduction of sprays from weekly application to once or twice a season. That information is available to growers via Cornell’s Vegetable MD website.
“Tolerance alone is not enough, spray alone is not enough, but together there is good synergy,” Mutschler-Chu said.
Iron Lady is suitable for organic production, and was tested by organic farmers as part of a federal Organic Agriculture Research and Extension-funded project coordinated by Cornell breeder Michael Mazourek. He said disease-resistant tomatoes were identified as a top priority for organic growers, who currently use copper to control blight, a solution that can be just as bad for the environment as chemical fungicides.
Master Gardener Volunteers are available to answer your gardening question Wednesday and Fridays from 9am to noon, 736-3394 or you may visit our Home and Gardening factsheets on line at www.cce.cornell.org